The Beginning Of The Universe

In the beginning there was absolutely nothing as far as our universe goes. No space, no time, no matter. Somehow, something happened in the nothingness. An infinitesimal electric charge came into being. I cannot explain how this charge came into existence. I believe it to have been an act of God. But I can explain how the universe that we see today originated with this primal electric charge.

In the nothingness, there was nothing to stop this first electric charge from inducing opposite charges on either side of it. Just as during an electrical storm, a positive charge in a cloud will induce a negative charge in the ground below, resulting in a lightning strike. Those induced charges would, in turn, induce opposite charges next to them, and so on. We will introduce postulates periodically.

POSTULATE 1-A PRIMAL ELECTRIC CHARGE ABLE TO CREATE AN OPPOSITE CHARGE NEXT TO IT BY INDUCTION, WHICH COULD THEN INDUCE ANOTHER OPPOSITE CHARGE, WOULD BE ALL THAT IS REQUIRED TO START A UNIVERSE.

At first, the creation of new charges continued in a straight line. This means that our ever-increasing set of alternating negative and positive charges was one-dimensional. The charges themselves were infinitesimal points with no dimensions. But as enough of them built up, they formed a line. This caused lines of charges to come into existence by induction in a perpendicular direction.

So, now we have a two-dimensional sheet of charges, rather than a one-dimensional line. These new perpendicular lines of charges then began creating new charges by induction in yet another direction which was perpendicular to both it and the original line of charges. New charges could not form where charges already existed because the two would interfere with each other. Our collection of charges were continuously expanding by induction.

These charges were not expanding in space, as we know it, because space did not exist. They were expanding in nothingness and, in fact, were creating space as they expanded. The only possible place for a new line of charges to form by induction was where none existed already.

This meant that a new line would have to be in a completely separate plane from all existing lines. The only way for that to happen was for the new line to form at a right angle to the existing line.

That is why the dimensions of space comprising our universe today are at right angles to each other. Space, as we experience it, has no electric charge. That is because the infinity of negative and positive charges of which it is composed cancel each other out.

POSTULATE 2-DIMENSIONS OF SPACE ARE AT RIGHT ANGLES TO EACH OTHER AND FORM STRAIGHT LINES BECAUSE THAT IS THE ONLY ARRANGEMENT THE ORIGINAL LINES OF ELECTRIC CHARGES COULD HAVE FORMED WITHOUT INTERFERING WITH EACH OTHER.

LIMIT OF OUR MATTER TO FOUR DIMENSIONS

I believe that we, in our universe, have four dimensions of space. One is what we perceive as time, as I described in my Theory of Stationary Space. An interesting question is: Why do we have four dimensions of space? It is entirely possible that there is more dimensions that we cannot perceive.

Suppose you drew a figure on the inside of a three-dimensional box. The figure would be in three-dimensional space inside the box. Yet, it would be only a two-dimensional figure and, if it had consciousness, would be completely oblivious to the third dimension.

Theoretically, with charges reproducing in nothingness, there should be no limit to the number of dimensions of space that could form. But the matter of which our familiar universe is formed was thrown out across only four of those dimensions.because it resulted from the bending of a two-dimensional sheet of space..

Consider a two-dimensional sheet of plastic. Now, suppose that you bend the sheet. Now, how many dimensions is the sheet of plastic? From it's own point of view, it is still two dimensions. A two-dimensional creature within the sheet would be unaware of the curvature. But from the point of view of the surrounding space, it now occupies three dimensions. We are unable to bend it into four dimensions because we can access only three dimensions of space, the other is time.

When the dimensions of space were forming from the induced charges, the lines of charges had to form right angles to each other to avoid interfering with each other. This is because when a charge formed and thus created a little "bit" of space, another charge could not occupy that space because the very definition of space was that it was occupied by a charge.

Indeed, the primal charges could not occupy space at all because they would be interfering with the existing charges that had created and comprised that space. Each charge would create it's own space and this is what created our universe.

POSTULATE 3-THERE MAY BE MANY MORE, OR EVEN AN INFINITE NUMBER OF DIMENSIONS OF CONTIGUOUS SPACE. BUT THE MATTER COMPOSING OUR BODIES AND OUR UNIVERSE WAS THROWN OUT ACROSS ONLY FOUR DIMENSIONS OF SPACE BY THE BIG BANG.

FABRIC

Space must be something for it to hold matter in place, it cannot be "nothing" or there would be zero energy difference between two points for an object and it could suddenly move far away spontaneously. Everything is really charged but since the charges are alternating in position and cancel out, we only perceive an electric charge when the charges are concentrated in some way.

The fact that space is actually a "fabric" is shown by Einstein's Lense-Thirring Effect, otherwise known as "frame dragging", the rotation of the earth pulls on the space around it and has an observable effect on the position of an orbiting satellite. This proves that space is not "nothing".

POSTULATE 4-SPACE BEHAVES AS A FABRIC.

Matter does not actually move as we perceive it. This is because it is prevented from doing so by the checkerboard of charges in the dimensions of space resisting the movement of it's own charges, since matter actually consists of strings of space in four dimensions. This may be seen as a form of fate, that everything has already happened.

I described how living things create the only "new motion" in the universe. The only time that we usually see evidence of the infinity of charges that compose space, but cancel out overall, is when space is disturbed by waves. We refer to these waves, such as light, as electromagnetic. But the apparent electromagnetism of such waves is just the underlying electric charges of space itself that normally cancel each other out.

I say that common sense tells us that waves cannot travel through "nothing". I find it much more logical to conclude that "electromagnetic" waves are similar in principle to water or sound waves, an oscillating disturbance in a medium, and the electromagnetism is the underlying electric charges that compose space and are disturbed by the wave.

The only way that dimensions can join to each other to form multi-dimensional space is when they do not occupy the same territory. That is only when they are straight lines at right angles to each other. Charges prevent overlap of the same territory. This is why contiguous dimensions must always be at right angles to each other.

So, space must be "something" rather than "nothing".

THE SHEET

Now that we know how space formed from primal electric charges, what about matter? The existence of space is easier to explain than that of matter.

We saw that matter is really composed of strings of two contiguous dimensions of space that were not contiguous to the four dimensions of space that we perceive as actual space. The model of a two-dimensional block of space within an at least four-dimensional block of space and the parallel charge lines of electrons and quarks that I described was all right for getting a general picture of how the universe operates but now, we will go into more detail.

The reason that this two-dimensional sheet of separate space came to be is that as it formed by induction as the other dimensions did, it was prevented by the curvature of space, from the point of view of the two new dimensions from joining in and becoming contiguous with the four that had already formed. If it had, today we would have six dimensions of space and no matter.

This "orphan" sheet of space was incorporated into but was not contiguous with the established four-dimensional block of space because, due to this curvature, it was oriented incorrectly to fit in with the existing space. Thus, curvature explains the limits to the dimensions as well when the sheet folded and crumpled in the background at least four-dimensional space. Due to the positions of the charges on the sides of the sheet that came into contact, the negative-positive bonds in one dimension of the sheet were dissolved in the explosion of the Big Bang, the massive matter-antimatter explosion that took place when the two sides came into contact due to the folding of the sheet, but those in the other dimension of the sheet remained intact to form the strings of matter that we have today.

This dissolution is what we perceive as the Big Bang that started the universe. The result of this dissolution is what we know as either matter or antimatter according to which side of the sheet it was on and the energy released in the explosion threw the strings out across the at least four-dimensional block of space, forming the universe that we see today.

The reason for the matter-antimatter mutual annihilation when the two are brought into contact is that it causes both strings to dissolve into individual charged particles of space, which are indistinguishable from the background space. If we saw a galaxy of antimatter, we most likely would not be able to tell the difference between it and a galaxy composed of matter. The difference is that atoms of antimatter consist of negatively-charged nuclei orbitted by positrons, rather than the electrons in matter.

Space cannot tell the difference between matter and antimatter. We could say that matter brought into contact with antimatter disappears because it becomes space. The energy that was holding the component electric charges together is released and the component electric charges fit back into the alternating electric charges of the background space.

POSTULATE 5-THE MATTER THAT WE HAVE IN THE UNIVERSE TODAY IS ACTUALLY SPACE THAT IS NOT CONTIGUOUS WITH THE BACKGROUND SPACE AND FORMED FROM THE DISSOLUTION IN ONE DIMENSION OF A TWO-DIMENSIONAL SHEET OF MATTER THAT FORMED WITHIN BUT DID NOT INCORPORATE WITH THE BACKGROUND SPACE.

The result of this dissolution in one dimension of the sheet of space is the strings that today compose what we perceive as matter in the universe. The universe did not expand, as is popularly believed, the sheet crumpled and dissolved into one-dimensional strings instead of a two-dimensional sheet.

This explains what appears to us as the "expanding" universe. This apparent expansion is due to the radial pattern of the strings which compose matter being thrown out across the background four-dimensional space. It is easy to picture that a folding two-dimensional sheet in which one of two bonds dissolves will form a radial pattern as seen in the surrounding three-dimensional space, with the strings getting further apart as we move away from the site of the Big Bang.

The sheet does not have to be together to retain the original charges and this is why we have the charged strings that compose matter today. Individual charges in a dimension merge to form a negative and a positive end in the same manner as a magnet with it's north and south poles. Shredded strings retain the negative and positive ends of the dimensional block and do not revert to individual charges.

In the universe today, quarks outnumber electrons by about five or six to one. This is easily explained by the crumpling of the sheet and the fact that which of the two dimensional bonds dissolved varied across the sheet. Many more of the strings that resulted when one of the two dimensional bonds dissolved were of necessity diagonal rather than straight in one of the two original dimensions of the sheet.

POSTULATE 6-ONE OF THE TWO DIMENSIONAL BONDS IN THE TWO-DIMENSIONAL SHEET OF MATTER DISSOLVED THROUGHOUT THE SHEET, CREATING THE STRINGS WE PERCEIVE AS ELECTRONS, POSITRONS, QUARKS OR, ANTIQUARKS AS THE STRINGS WERE THROWN OUT ACROSS THE SURROUNDING SPACE BY THE EXPLOSION THAT WE PERCEIVE AS THE BIG BANG.

The curving surfaces in the crumpling sheet caused two main varieties of quark to form, the up quarks with a charge of +2/3 and, the down quarks with a charge of -1/3. There are other particles and quarks besides these, but these are by far the most important.

We know today that a proton has a mass 1,836 times that of an electron. According to the well-established Standard Model, a proton is composed of three quarks, two up quarks of +2/3 charge and one down quark with a charge of -1/3. This cancels out to an overall charge of +1, the opposite of an electron.

My theory that quarks are composed of strings with a cross-section of many individual charges, while an electron, or an antimatter positron, is a string with a cross-section of only one particle is supported by the fact that 1,836 is a number that, I notice, is very evenly divisible by three.

A proton is composed of three quarks, meaning that each quark has a mass of 612 electrons. The structure of the two most important quarks, up and down, revolve around the number six. That is, a quark with a charge of +2/3 would be composed of six subsections, five of which had a positive charge and the other a negative charge. This would cancel out to the +2/3 charge that we detect today. And sure enough, we see that 612 is evenly divisible by 6 to 102.

Thus, the down quark, with a charge of -1/3, would have two positively charged subsections with four that are negatively charged. I believe that just the fact that a proton is composed of three quarks and is known to be 1,836 times the mass of an electron, a number that is so related to the number three as a multiple, should give us a clue as to how matter operates.

POSTULATE 7-A PRIMARY GOVERNING FACTOR IN HOW MATTER OPERATES IN THE UNIVERSE IS THE FACT THAT A PROTON, COMPOSED OF THREE QUARKS, IS 1,836 TIMES AS HEAVY AS AN ELECTRON, A BASIC POINT PARTICLE THAT IS NOT COMPOSED OF QUARKS.

The sheet folded and the dissolution, which we perceive as the Big Bang, took place before the growing sheet became infinite in size. This is why there is a finite amount of matter in the universe today. The universe is so empty of matter, relatively speaking, because it is formed of a two-dimensional sheet of space that dissolved in a four-dimensional block of space to which it was incorporated but was not contiguous.

The dissolution of a two-dimensional sheet in four dimensions of space is definitely supported by the density of matter that we observe in the universe today. This density is about three hydrogen atoms per cubic meter in the universe as a whole.

Keep in mind that a galaxy is about a million times as dense in matter as the sorrounding inter-galactic space. Even an atom, except for the nucleus, is mostly empty space. If an atom could be compared to a football stadium, the solid nucleus would be like a strawberry in the middle of the field.

So, the Big Bang converted a vast sheet of space into strings with either a negative or a positive charge or partial charge (positrons, electrons, quarks, antiquarks) but with negative and positive charges cancelling out in the universe as a whole. We could say that this is the fulfillment of another theory called M-theory, which is related to string theory but revolves around two-dimensional membranes or sheets instead of strings.

The charge reproduction in the beginning of the universe that created space cannot be considered as the Big Bang because it would still leave us without any matter. Matter thus consists of a two-dimensional sheet of space in which the space remains but the dimensional bonds in one direction have dissolved. The dissolution also occurred along diagonal folds in the sheet.

This left us with extremely long strings of space of negligible cross-section and with electrical charges of either negative, positive or, a mix of the two. There is no overall charge attraction between what we know as space and matter because of the mutual cancellation of the charges in the space sorrounding the matter holds the matter in place. These two blocks of discontiguous space also explains the behavior of radiation with matter.

POSTULATE 8-MATTER IS HELD IN PLACE BY ELECTRIC CHARGES IN SPACE.

The observed scatter pattern of matter in space indicates that the sheet must have been of two dimensions. It could not have been of three dimensions. A two-dimensional sheet that warps and dissolves will scatter strings of matter that will appear to be going in all directions in sorrounding three-dimensional space but will be aligned mostly in one direction if it is seen in sorrounding four-dimensional space. This fits perfectly with, and explains, the model of the universe that I set forth in my Theory of Stationary Space.

Another factor that we observe today and which confirms my theory that the matter in the universe formed from the dissolution of a crumpling and then dissolving sheet of space is the view of the observable universe on a very large scale. Maps have been made of the distribution of thousands of galaxies in the universe as a whole. We see vast gaps, spurs and, filaments. This is the opposite effect that gravitational coalescing would produce.

The reason for this can be illustrated by crumpling a sheet of paper. While looking at one side of the crumpling sheet, the areas bulging inward become spurs and filaments and those bulging outward became gaps. The charts of the microwave background radiation from the Big Bang show a similar pattern, some areas are cooler in radiation and are sorrounded by areas hotter in radiation. Both are relics of the crumpling two-dimensional sheet of space that dissolved and formed matter as we know it.

POSTULATE 9-THE UNIVERSE TODAY DISPLAYS JUST THE DENSITY AND DISTRIBUTION OF MATTER WE WOULD EXPECT IF A TWO-DIMENSIONAL SHEET OF SPACE DISSOLVED IN ONE DIRECTION AND THREW IT'S RESULTING COMPONENT STRINGS OUT INTO THE SORROUNDING FOUR-DIMENSIONAL SPACE.

The Big Bang must have been a dissolution of one or the other dimensional bond in the sheet rather than a tearing. If the sheet was torn in pieces, we would today see two-dimensional shreds of matter rather than particles and this is not what we see. If the sheet had shredded into particles instead of strings, it could not explain why both matter and antimatter exist. If the sheet had shredded into single charged particles, those particles could have just blended into the background space instead of the one-dimensional strings that resulted from the dissolution of the sheet.

POSTULATE 10-THE ONE-DIMENSIONAL STRINGS THAT RESULTED FROM THE DISSOLUTION OF THE TWO-DIMENSIONAL SHEET OF SPACE IN ONE DIMENSION ARE STABLE AND NOT LIKELY TO UNDERGO THE SAME TYPE OF DISSOLUTION OF THE SHEET UNLESS MATTER AND ANTIMATTER ARE BROUGHT INTO CONTACT.

There is an obvious bias in space against incomplete charges. When the sheet dissolved, the charged nature of space favors particles with an integral charge. So, quarks combined to form protons and neutrons. This assumes, of course, that the quark model is correct but there seems to be few scientists who doubt it.

The Big Bang can be compared to the throwing of a bunch of yarn in one direction. You can think of it as an electric sheet where the warp and woof dissolve but leave the thread intact and aligned mostly in one direction. Newton's Laws keep the median direction of the strings thrown out by what we perceive as the Big Bang aligned, on average, in the same direction which must have been perpendicular to the two dimensions of the sheet.

The fact that the sheet was two-dimensional explains why the strings are aligned in one direction in the background four-dimensional space. However, the collision and interaction of the strings with one another upon the dissolution explains why the strings are not exactly in one direction. The two-dimensional sheet dissolving in four-dimensional space causes the apparent expansion of the universe that we observe in three-dimensional space and the other plane that explains what time is in four-dimensional space.

It has been observed by some particle physicists that electrons sometimes "jump" from one orbit in an atom to another without going across the intervening space. These observations, if correct, can quite easily be explained by broken strings held in the same place by the background space. One end of the broken string is at one orbital level and the opposite end at another orbital level.

This explosion of space and matter must be independent of each other. Dimensions of space do not necessarily fit together. Bonds can dissolve in one dimension, leaving strings of space remaining. This is what forms electrons, positrons, quarks and, antiquarks.

Strings have a specific charge while space does not, due to mutual cancellation, so the two are not contiguous although both are actually space. This means that space must have existed before the Big Bang and could still be expanding.

A perfectly symmetrical universe cannot exist. First, the fold in the sheet must have been more in one of the two dimensions than the other relative to the background space to cause it's dimensional bonds to dissolve.

Thus, we have a broken symmetry in the folding of the sheet of space that were necessary to create the universe as we have it today. Add to this the fact that the original space must have been asymmetric to cause the "orphan" sheet of space to form in the first place, and in the very beginning it was an unbalanced electric charge that brought the multiple dimensions of space into being by opposite charge induction.

Like a vacuum, nature abhors asymmetry. In fact, a vacuum is a form of asymmetry. We could say that the whole reason for existence is to balance asymmetry. This goes back to the primal charge inducing an opposing charge to balance assymetry. In the universe of today, Newton's Law that every reaction causes an equal and opposite reaction is to balance asymmetries.

POSTULATE 11-THE UNDERLYING REASON FOR EXISTENCE IS TO BALANCE ASYMMETRY.

THE MOTION PARADOX

This model solves what I have termed "the motion paradox". We see the universe as an incredibly active and energetic place. But is it really? The universe, in our apparent time, is supposedly 15,000,000,000 years old. Why is there still all of this energy and motion after all of this time?

When you throw a stone into a pond, there is a splash. The water from the splash hits the surface of the pond on it's way back down, causing what we might call a "secondary splash" Since energy has been lost, this splash will be much smaller than the original splash. This splash water falling back down makes a tertiary splash and so on. Of course, what happens is that the water quickly runs out of energy and all that is left is waves, which do not last long either.

So why has our universe not run out of energy and settled down after the initial "splash" of the Big Bang, as it is believed today? It is difficult to explain. But since, in my Theory of Stationary Space, there is really no such thing as motion or time in non-living matter, there is no motion paradox to explain.

Matter and energy is somewhat more complex than our splash example, but the universe still should have settled down by now under existing models of the universe. Even if the universe was still in motion on a large scale, it should have settled down locally by now. But now my theory has solved the Big Bang and the Motion Paradox, since everything is already settled down and motion is only what we perceive.

I believe that obeying Newton's Laws tells us that the universe is not really in motion. Basically, the center line of the dissolution of the sheet, which is a straight line from the center of the dissolving sheet perpendicular to the sheet in the direction that the strings of matter were thrown out is conserved, that it must always remain the center line of all matter simply because, as Newton said, every action causes an equal and opposite reaction. We would perceive the center line as the center point of all matter in the universe because the line runs parallel to the time dimension.

Newton's Reaction Law also explains heat. The collisions of strings thrown out by the dissolution of the sheet are perceived by us, in our three-dimensional world as quickly moving particles.

The strings were attracted to each other by gravity upon the dissolution. A body, such as a planet, formed by gravity if it is strong enough to pull all of the strings together. If not, one body might go into orbit around another. The consolidating force of gravity balances the outward force of the dissolution of the sheet.

But why would one body go on orbiting another for a very long time? Doesn't this violate the Law of Perpetual Motion? I am certain that it does. Is it not more likely that two bundles of string intertwined upon the dissolution of the sheet and we only perceive it as one body orbiting another in out familiar three-dimensional view of things?

POSTULATE 12-THE CONTINUOUS MOVEMENT IN THE UNIVERSE, PARTICULARLY ORBITS, VIOLATES THE LAW FORBIDDING PERPETUAL MOTION. THIS IS THE MOTION PARADOX AND IT REQUIRES US TO REVIEW OUR MODELS OF THE UNIVERSE.

My theory is that everything has already happened. It is just that we, seeing in only three dimensions, have not arrived yet. Everything happened when the sheet dissolved. Strings from the dissolution, colliding and interacting, created the universe that we see today. The only "new motion" in the universe is from living things.

WAVES

I argue that space cannot be "nothing", it must be "something". Light cannot really travel through "nothing". There must be something there for the waves to transverse, just as sound waves cannot exist without air or some other medium. Yet, if space is "something", why can we easily see through it?

The answer is that space is something, rather than nothing, but is of extremely fine structure so that wave patterns of extreme intricacy can exist in it. This fine structure is explained by this theory.

There is a growing belief in the scientific community that space is not perfectly smooth in structure, that there is some kind of "particle" of space. Sometimes these particles are referred to as "mattercules". One such theory is "Loop Quantum Gravity".

This belief in "particles" of space also explains the reason for the existence of Planck's Constant, which is extremely important to all manner of formulae, especially those concerning the radiation of electromagnetic waves through space.

Planck's length is defined as 1.6 x 10 -33 power centimeters. It is thus, an extremely short length. This constant is the central part of the well-known Heisenberg's Uncertainty Principle, which defines how well we can predict the location of an electron in orbit around an atom.

I maintain that Planck's length is actually the size of one of the primary electric charges that I am describing. This is why it shows up in all manner of physics formulae.

POSTULATE 13-PLANCK'S LENGTH IS FUNDAMENTAL TO ALL MANNER OF PHYSICS FORMULAE BECAUSE IT IS THE LENGTH OF ONE OF THE PRIMAL ELECTRIC CHARGES THAT COMPRISE THE UNIVERSE.

Space can hold such intricate ripples, which we perceive as electromagnetic waves, due to the fineness of it's structure. Think of space as a mosaic with infinitesimal tiles. The stationary charged particles composing space tilt slightly to form the stationary ripples that we perceive as waves.

A coarser space would not yield so much information. Space is not exactly transparent but it's particles act as pixels to our visual sense and it's structure is so extremely fine that we perceive it as transparent.

The key to understanding that space is endlessly replicating electric charges is that electromagnetism in waves is actually a property of space itself. The "tilting" of the particles in the ripples that we perceive as waves slightly unbalances the particle structure of space so that it reveals it's underlying electromagnetism. Remember that space is a checkerboard of infinitesimal charged particles.

Is there a better way to explain space and electromagnetism? The negative charge of electrons in matter tilts the negative and positive charges of space to hold ripples. The resulting constructive and destructive interference forms what we perceive as waves.

Space can hold such intricate ripples due to the fineness of it's structure. It is not that space is transparent, just that we perceive ripples in it. If the grains of space were electrically neutral, we could not see anything or listen to the radio.

These ripples are caused by any bending of the strings. The bending of multiple strings create ripples of a given wavelength by constructive and destructive interference. The more a string is bent, the greater the amplitude of the ripple it creates.

POSTULATE 14-ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION IS STATIONARY RIPPLES CAUSED BY THE BENDING OF STRINGS AND HELD IN THE FINE STRUCTURE OF SPACE.

As a wave moved outward, upon the dissolution of the sheet, it engaged ever more space particles and so it's amplitude decreased. Electromagnetism other than waves only shows up when charges are concentrated in such a way so as not to cancel. If there were other universes, we could not see each other because the space is not contiguous.

If there were at least two dimensions of space within another block of space, it would appear to us as a mirror. Like a funhouse mirror if it was curved. We see light more when it is scattered or distorted than when it is reflected. In a universe of straight strings, there would be no electromagnetic radiation until one bent.

GRAVITY

Electromagnetism is the fundamental force of the universe. All forces are manifestations of the electromagnetic force simply because we live in an electromagnetic universe. The tiny electric charges that I have described are what the universe is made of and thus define how the universe operates. The so-called strong nuclear force is the ability of quarks in protons to stretch the quarks in neutrons to hold the protons together by facing opposite charges.

POSTULATE 15-THE STRONG NUCLEAR FORCE IS THE ABILITY OF QUARKS IN PROTONS TO STRETCH THE QUARKS IN NEUTRONS TO HOLD THE PROTONS TOGETHER BY FACING OPPOSITE CHARGES, SINCE QUARKS ARE MADE UP OF MULTIPLE CHARGES.

There are two electric charges in the universe, negative and positive, and these two charges must ultimately balance out to zero. There are two rules governing these charges in the universe, that opposite charges attract and like charges repel. If the two charges themselves must balance out, it makes sense that the two rules governing the charges would be manifested equally.

Energy was introduced to the universe by the explosion of the Big Bang. We know that energy can never be created or destroyed, but only changed in form, so that all energy can be traced back to the Big Bang, which began the universe. What all energy ultimately does is to oppose the basic rules of electric charges, either the one about like charges repelling or the one about opposite charges attracting. This makes sense because everything in the universe is ultimately based on these electric charges.

The binding energy in the nucleus of an atom overcomes the repulsion of like charged protons to hold the nucleus together. In my theory, this creates an imbalance in the manifestation of energy overcoming both rules governing electric charges equally. The rule of repulsion between like charges is being overcome a lot more then the rule of attraction between opposite charges.

This creates an imbalance in the overcoming of the basic rules of electric charges by energy creates a net attractive charge in the universe, and this is manifested as gravity. The universe is electrical in nature, and it makes sense that gravity has an electrical explanation.

POSTULATE 16-GRAVITY OPERATES AS A BALANCE TO THE BINDING ENERGY THAT HOLDS A NUCLEUS TOGETHER AS AN OVERCOMING BY ENERGY OF THE BASIC RULE THAT LIKE ELECTRIC CHARGES REPEL. SINCE BOTH RULES EXIST EQUALLY, THAT LEAVES A NET ATTRACTIVE CHARGE IN THE UNIVERSE THAT IS MANIFESTED AS GRAVITY.

Space attracts matter due to electric charge. This explains gravity and why it holds matter in place. Gravity is thus electromagnetic in origin. The universe formed from alternating electric charges so, everything is electromagnetic.

Space also prevents matter from "growing" by charge induction like the charges in the beginning of the universe because the matter is sorrounded by other charges. Like charges repel, unlike charges attract but, any charge will prevent another charge from growing by repeated induction of opposite charges or else any charge would grow into an entire universe just like in the beginning.