Gamma Ray Bursts

Today, I am delighted to announce that my Theory of Stationary Space that I have been discussing throughout this blog has provided a neat and simple solution to yet another of the unsolved mysteries of the universe. This solution also provides convincing proof that my explanation of the Big Bang that began the universe as we know it must be correct.

Some readers are wondering why, if my scenario of the Big Bang is correct, it has not recurred since then. That is a scenario that is so simple that, if it indeed is correct, should recur on a regular basis. I have discovered that , in fact, it does.

In the late 1960s, U.S. military satellites testing the upper atmosphere for radiation that would indicate other countries were testing nuclear bombs discovered something else instead. The satellites found that brief but extremely intense bursts of gamma rays were coming from various points in the sky an average of about once per day. There seemed to be no pattern at all to these fantastic bursts of energy.

Eventually, several satellites were launched to study what came to be known as "Gamma Ray Bursts". NASA launched the Compton Gamma Ray Satellite. There was the "Burst And Transient Source Experiment", known as BATSE. The Italian-Dutch BeppoSAX satellite was also aimed from Europe at making sense of gamma ray bursts.

It was found that there was basically two classifications of gamma ray bursts, short bursts lasting less than two seconds and, long bursts lasting more than two seconds. Gamma rays are the electromagnetic radiation similar in nature to light and radio waves but of much higher frequency and thus carrying much more energy. These mysterious, random bursts were not found to be concentrated along the plane of our galaxy and so must be coming from points across the universe outside our galaxy.

The bursts are easily the most powerful explosions since the Big Bang that began the universe. A burst can outshine an entire galaxy that might contain a thousand million stars. One of them can put forth as much energy in a few seconds as our sun will in it's entire life span.

The cause of gamma ray bursts has never been found until now. They do seem to come from galaxies where there is matter and do not occur in empty inter-galactic space. Some astrophysicists believe that gamma ray bursts are associated with supernovae, the explosions of large stars. Supernovae are otherwise the most powerful explosions in the universe.

The problem with that idea is that the energy from gamma ray bursts are several hundred times that of the most powerful supernovae and at other times, the bursts seem to come from the areas around neutron stars. Nuclear fusion is the most powerful known source of energy but it is a steady process and it appears impossible that it is the source of the energy in gamma ray bursts.

I have figured out what causes gamma ray bursts and it is essentially the same process that I described as causing the Big Bang.

The sheet of space that formed from a single charge being out of place in the alternating negative-positive checkerboard of space is what folded to cause the Big Bang. I have described in another posting on this blog, "The Mysteries Of Physics" how the phenomenon observed by physicists of electrons occasionally being observed as jumping from one orbital in an atom to another without going across the intervening space is caused by the simple breaking of an electron string in four dimensions.

(The way I see it, this phenomenon is significant evidence that electrons, and other particles, are really strings. How could it be explained otherwise?)

My hypothesis is that if an electron string under stress should break twice within a very short distance along the string, it will leave a short "snip" of electron string in space. I explained in the posting "Pre-existing Reality" how the number one priority of the universe is not energy, but symmetry. All electric charges must be balanced no matter what the expenditure of energy required. Under normal circumstances, the long strings comprising matter are balanced by the tilting or rearrangement of the charges comprising space.

But it is when a single infinitesimal charge is out of place that it cannot be compensated for by such rearrangement. It is then that the charge reproduction process gets started in an effort by the universe to regain symmetry. If a negative charge is out of place in the checkerboard of space, a positive charge must come into existence to balance it. But then that leaves another assymmetry, which brings another negative charge into existence, and so on.

As I described in "Pre-existing Reality", on this blog, space must regain symmetry and when that cannot be done by charge rearrangement, it must be done by the reproduction of new charges. A single charge out of place in empty space prompts a sheet of new charges to form in an effort to regain symmetry. Charge migration takes place so that one side of the sheet becomes negative and the other positive, in order to attain a lower energy state. This creates what we know as matter and antimatter when the sheet is distorted so that the negative side comes in contact with the positive side. The universe always seeks a lower energy state, although having perfect balance between the number of negative and positive charges is a higher priority.

Now, when an electron string in an atom snaps at one point, which physicists observe as an electron jumping from one atomic orbital to another without crossing the intervening space, it does not bring about any such charge reproduction because there is no assymmetry that cannot be righted by the usual rearrangement of charges. But if an electron string should happen to snap twice in a very short distance, it would create a negatively-charged "snip" for which the universe could not compensate by charge rearrangement.

So, a positive charge would have to come into existence next to it to regain symmetry. But that would upset the symmetry on the other side of it and so a negative charge would have to come into existence to regain symmetry, and so on.

That is why, as I explained, the entire universe exists, to restore symmetry. But while the new sheet of space is growing by charge reproduction, any disharmony in the checkerboard pattern of background charges, namely the presence of any kind of matter, would interfere with and disrupt the path and formation of the sheet. Any matter effectively acts as a "control rod" to the growth of the new set of electric charges. This is why the Big Bang does not recur but the smaller gamma ray bursts do.

In a gamma ray burst, the growing sheet of charges in deflected by the presence of matter until it curves around on itself and the matter side of the sheet comes in contact with the antimatter side. This causes the two sides of the sheet to undergo mutual annihilation and to emit an intense burst of gamma rays across the universe.

The difference between the Big Bang and a gamma ray burst is that there was no matter to impede the growth of the sheet of charges in the beginning and it folded by it's own gravity. It was so large due to the lack of interfering matter that it was not all annihilated in the matter-antimatter clash but on part of the sheet, one of the two dimensional bonds dissolved, leaving us with the strings of matter across space comprising the universe that we have today.

It is well-known that the collision of matter and antimatter results in mutual annihilation and an intense burst of gamma rays as 100% of the matter is transformed into energy. This is far greater than that of nuclear fusion, where only a few percent of the mass is transformed into energy. This draws upon the foundational energy of the universe that I described in "Pre-existing Reality" and leaves no left-over matter.

As for the long and short types of gamma ray bursts, it has been observed that the long ones do not expand spherically, but appear to be aligned along an axis. The reason that some appear long and others short is that the long bursts are expanding in our three dimensions, while the short bursts are not. This is because it is due to the expansion of a sheet of space, as I have described.

In the Collapsar/Hypernova model that scientists have developed of gamma ray bursts, a narrow jet of radiation is emitted. This is consistent with my sheet model as opposed to a conventional explosion, such as a supernova, which radiates in all directions.

The long bursts emit not only gamma rays but an afterglow of other electromagnetic waves. This is probably due to the sheet of space folding and thus stretching the gamma rays being emitted by the doppler effect into longer wavelengths. This is the same principle as the whistle of a train dropping in pitch as the train passes you.

Thus, not only has the Theory Of Stationary Space solved the cause of gamma ray bursts but, the bursts have demonstrated how the Big Bang in the theory must have happened. Here is a link to an article describing gamma ray bursts http://65.165.5.234/home/hqnews/1998/98-075.txt or just enter in "gamma ray bursts" into a search engine, there is tons of material online about them.